A wide range of events occur throughout the year in Ferrara: the International Kite Festival at the end of April; the Palio of Ferrara events throughout May – re-enacting historic horse races and other festival activities from the Borsa Este era such as spectacular flag dancing and tossing; the annual summer "Ferrara sotto le Stelle" concerts, held outdoors with the Estense Castello as their backdrop and starring international famous artists; the International Buskers Festival at the end of August, an international street artists' festival which has enlivened the streets of Ferrara's historic centre since 1987; in September dozens of hot air balloons take to the skies in the Ferrara Hot Air Balloon Festival; the "Internazionale a Ferrara" in October attracts journalists from all parts of the world; and the varied programs of the prose, concerts, theatre and dance seasons staged at the famed Ferrara theatre.
